T.5(1) - DRINKING BIRD

A shapely glass tube is dressed-up as a bird and hangs by its "hips", being supported half-way up its length. Cooling by evaporation, its beak draws up a colored liquid (methylene chloride) through a tube in its body. This over balances the bird so that it takes another drink. A beaker filled with water is set in front of the bird. Hold its head down, wetting the beak for a minute or so. Let it go and it will bounce back to the upright position. After a while, it will lowers its head by itself and bounce back again. And on, and on.

T.5(2) - HERO'S JET ENGINE

This apparatus illustrates the earliest known form of steam engine. It consists of a 10 cm stopped glass bulb with jet arms extending at opposite sides. The bottle is fastened with a rubber stopper and a rod attached to a bearing wheel, so that it is free to rotate under the reaction forces of the steam jets emanating from both sides. The flask has a little water, and is mounted by its supporting rod to a stable stand. Bring the gas burner underneath it. When the steam pressure is sufficient for the flask to begin to spin, turn the flame down somewhat. The flask will continue to spin until the pressure has diminished. Do not overheat it, to avoid having boiling water being thrown across the room.

T.5(3) - STEAM ENGINE

This model steam engine has a built-in horizontal boiler. Once the electrical heating begins, the apparatus generates steam which drives a wheel. It is mounted on a 23 cm square base.

It has a generator and a lamp standard accesssory. It has a V-grooved pulley for a belt drive that connects it to the steam engine. At approximately 1500 rpm, it produces enough electricity to light up the 3.8 V flashlight bulb.

T.5(4) - STERLING CYCLE HOT-AIR ENGINE

This 17.8 cm x 10.8 cm model will run in alcohol. The operating principle of the hot air engine is based on the Stirling cycle, with the following idealized P-V diagram.

T.5(5) - TWO-STROKE ENGINE

It is a sectional model demonstrating its action in detail. The internal parts are color-coded and on its base there is a diagram, giving names to all parts. By turning a handle, one drives the motor, lighting up a lamp in the ignition chamber each time ignition occurs. It is 38 cm high over all and powered by a 6 V power supply.

T.5(6) - FOUR-STROKE ENGINE

The Otto cycle is one of the fundamental cycles used in internal combustion engines. This model is also a sectional model showing the indicated engine's motion. It is also driven by a handle. A lamp in the ignition chamber replaces acutal ignition, lighting each time ignition would occur. A 6 V power supply powers the lamp. It is 38 cm high, mounted on a wooden base which had a diagram on the front explaining the parts.

T.5(7) - THERMOELECTRIC COVERTOR

This apparatus consists of two copper stripes (4 cm wide, 12 cm high) connected to a small propeller on the top, as a wind tower. When one leg is set in ice-cold water bath and the other in a boiling water bath, the difference in temperature will run the device. If the two legs stand at the same temperature, it will not turn. The converter consists of series-connected semiconductor junctions "sandwiched" betweeen two copper legs. The difference in temperature creates an electrical potential that powers the motor and spins the propeller. It converts thermal energy to electrical energy. It demonstrates that a temperature differential is essential for extracting usable energy; and that a process occurs naturally if energy is conserved and entropy increases.